Research
Independent studies in which Parrot Software was the intervention
Our approach to evidence
Parrot Software was designed by speech-language pathologists to mirror what clinicians do when treating aphasia and brain injury — what researchers call content validity. Beyond that design rationale, independent researchers have studied the software directly.
Below is every study we are aware of in which Parrot Software was the intervention, presented with its actual design, sample size, and findings — including the small samples and the mixed results. Two independent universities have published research using our programs: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center and Dominican University of California.
These are small studies. None of them establishes that Parrot Software works for everyone, and none replaces assessment and treatment by a qualified speech-language pathologist. We present them so clinicians and families can judge the evidence themselves.
Peer-reviewed journal articleComputer-Assisted Anomia Treatment for Persons with Chronic Aphasia: Generalization to Untrained Words
Melinda Corwin, Meredith Wells, Rajinder Koul, James Dembowski
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock; Houston Aphasia Recovery Center
Journal of Medical Speech-Language Pathology, 2014; 21(2): 149–163
- Method
- Six adults with chronic aphasia completed an intensive 32-hour protocol over four weeks using eight Parrot Software programs.
- Findings
- Statistically significant (p < .05) improvement in confrontation naming of words that were never trained. Message informativeness during oral discourse increased for four of the six participants. Participants reported the treatment goals and procedures were acceptable.
- Limitations
- Six participants, no parallel control group. The authors describe it as a potential cost-effective supplement to traditional speech-language therapy, not a replacement.
- Independence
- The authors state: “The authors purchased the software programs used in this study and have no financial agreements with Parrot Software.”
Read the full text (PDF) →Peer-reviewed journal articleComputer-Based Cognitive Retraining for Adults with Chronic Acquired Brain Injury: A Pilot Study
Kitsum Li, Julie Robertson, Joshua Ramos, Stephanie Gella
Department of Occupational Therapy, Dominican University of California, San Rafael
Occupational Therapy In Health Care, 2013; 27(4): 333–344. doi:10.3109/07380577.2013.844877
- Method
- Twelve adults with chronic acquired brain injury and documented memory and attention deficits, using a quasi-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design.
- Findings
- Significant improvement in both memory and attention scores following the intervention, as measured by a cognitive screening tool.
- Limitations
- Twelve participants, single group, no control condition. The authors recommend further research with a larger population and investigation of whether gains transfer to daily living skills.
Read the full text (PDF) →Master's thesisEffectiveness of the Bridge/Adapt Program on Functional Skill Generalization After Acquired Brain Injury
Janice S. Li, Diana Lopez, Eugene Cheung, Angela Talamantez
Master of Occupational Therapy, Dominican University of California, 2016
Master's Theses and Capstone Projects, Paper 195. scholar.dominican.edu/masters-theses/195
- Method
- Three participants with significant cognitive impairment completed the eight-week Bridge/Adapt program, in which Parrot Software served as the remedial computer-based component alongside compensatory strategy training.
- Findings
- One of the three participants demonstrated generalization from improved cognition to functional performance on the medication box assessment.
- Limitations
- Three participants, and the study evaluates the combined Bridge/Adapt program rather than Parrot Software in isolation. The authors recommend re-evaluating both the modules and the outcome measure.
Read the full text (PDF) →Industry case report — not independentCognitive efficiency during cognitive training with auditory neurofeedback: a single-subject analysis
Javier Cano Ocampo, Scientific Director, Mind Training, LLC
Mind Training, LLC — produced in collaboration with Parrot Software and other commercial partners
Company white paper
- Method
- A single 42-year-old participant completed nine 15-minute sessions with EEG, skin conductance, and peripheral temperature monitoring, using Parrot Software cognitive programs.
- Findings
- The subject’s cognitive performance improved by 75% and cognitive recovery time fell by 37% between sessions four and nine.
- Limitations
- One participant, no control condition, and Parrot Software is a named collaborator. This is a commercial case report, not independent academic research, and should be read as illustrative rather than evidential.
Read the full text (PDF) →